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Coronary microvascular dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Endothelium-dependent but not endothelium-independent flow-mediated dilation is significantly reduced in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus without vascular events: a metaanalysis and metaregression. Comparative risks of cardiovascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, diabetes mellitus, and in general Medicaid recipients. Use of atorvastatin in systemic lupus erythematosus in children and adolescents.

‘Not only…but also’: factors that contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis and premature coronary heart disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Age-specific incidence rates of myocardial infarction and angina in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: comparison with the Framingham study. Traditional Framingham risk factors fail to fully account for accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. The bimodal mortality pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus. The heart in systemic lupus erythematosus and the changes induced in it by corticosteroid therapy: a study of 36 necropsy patients. Endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Premature coronary-artery atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. A.- All-cause and cause-specific mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus: a population-based study. Moghaddam, B., Marozoff, S., Li, L., Sayre, E. Brief report: lupus-an unrecognized leading cause of death in young females: a population-based study using nationwide death certificates, 2000-2015. Improved incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with incident rheumatoid arthritis in the 2000s: a population-based cohort study. Evidence for biologic drug modifying anti-rheumatoid drugs and association with cardiovascular disease risk mitigation in inflammatory arthritis. Prevalence and correlates of accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Explaining the cardiovascular risk associated with rheumatoid arthritis: traditional risk factors versus markers of rheumatoid arthritis severity. High incidence of cardiovascular events in a rheumatoid arthritis cohort not explained by traditional cardiac risk factors. Improved understanding of the mechanisms of vascular injury in inflammatory conditions such as SLE could also have implications for common cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, and may ultimately lead to personalized therapeutic approaches to the prevention and treatment of this potentially fatal complication.ĭel Rincón, I., Williams, K., Stern, M. Despite improvements in clinical care, cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality among patients with SLE, and treatments that improve vascular outcomes are urgently needed. SLE neutrophils are vasculopathic in part because of their increased ability to form immunostimulatory neutrophil extracellular traps. IFN-I promotes endothelial dysfunction directly via effects on endothelial cells and indirectly via priming of immune cells that contribute to vascular damage. In particular, evidence suggests that dysregulation of type 1 interferon (IFN-I) and aberrant neutrophils have key roles in the pathogenesis of vascular damage.

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Profound innate and adaptive immune dysregulation seems to be the primary driver of accelerated vascular damage in SLE. Although comorbid cardiovascular risk factors are frequently present in patients with SLE, they do not explain the high burden of premature vascular disease. Vascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

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